What are the three substitutes for leadership mentioned?

The correct response highlights three critical substitutes for leadership: close-knit teams, intrinsic satisfaction, and professional norms. These elements play a significant role in influencing behavior and motivating individuals in a work environment without requiring direct leadership intervention.

Close-knit teams foster collaboration and trust among team members, allowing them to support each other effectively. This strong interpersonal relationship can reduce the need for oversight from leaders, as individuals feel a shared responsibility for their team's success.

Intrinsic satisfaction refers to the internal motivation that individuals derive from the work itself, rather than external rewards such as bonuses or promotions. When team members are intrinsically motivated, they are more likely to perform well, demonstrate commitment to their roles, and engage in proactive problem-solving, negating the necessity for strong leadership guidance.

Professional norms serve as a framework within which employees operate, creating a shared understanding of expected behaviors and values. These norms can guide actions and decisions, providing a structure that lessens reliance on leaders to enforce policies or motivate performance.

This combination of substitutes illustrates how effective teamwork and personal motivation can minimize the dependency on traditional leadership, fostering an environment where individuals take initiative and accountability for their collective goals.